Airship.



1 sen: V mag; I Jiigyfil. mzzou 1% H. L. WILLOUGEBYL AIRSHIP. .unmnxon FILED JUNE 24, 1909.

1,008,096. Patented Nov. 7, 1911.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE' HUGH L. WILL-OUG'HBY, OF

NEWPORT, uncut; ISLAND AIRSHIP.

- la-rly mlu'ptetl'to that class known as acrothe horicontul the remaining plane planes The priumry object of the invention is to so arrange and operate steering rudders or controlling planes at the forward antl rear extremities of an aeronautical machine as to cause one plane to operate inversely with relation to the other.

When one plane or rudder is adjusted downwardly the other is given a clowmmrtl inclination or (lip at n reverseanglc untl convcrsely when the one plane elevated above ML)" rated at reverse angle so that the machine will travel or be propelled upwardly or downwardly in accordance with the reverse movem cuts of the controlling planes or steer ing rutltlere at opposite extremities of the imichine below ttlltl above a. horizontal plane; This ope-ration of the controlling planes" at the front untl rear extremities of the roe-- chine is accomplished through the mediumof e simplearrangement of steering; cords,

Wires or strands connected to controlling levers and in port crossed, as will be hereilr after more fully carplatincd but in donninstruting; the practicability of the invention by this particular adjusting" means and as shown in the accompanying drawings, it will be u'nclcrstoml that the object sought may be obtained by any other means, "the ceeential feature of the invention being theein'aultcncous :Mljust ient or the capability o't eimub tencously moving the front and rear control" ling or steering planes or rudders of en ueronautical machine so that they Will assume a position upwardly above or downwardly below a horizontal plane and cause the planes to operate inversely, relatively to the an, one with relation to tl1e,other,' for the purpose of balancing the. resistance of one plane ith res ect to the other; I v 1 nthedra i-ng: l figure 1 is. a side'elevw :cioh ere machine embodying theifeutures of.

of the nron on the invention. .F igi. 2 ie ev 'pers cctivovie earstcer ng ru ders or co Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed June 24,

Patented Nov. 7, 1911.

1909, Serial No. 504,101

trolling planes and the actuating or steer ing devices diagrammatically arranged. in operative relation. thereto.

The n'ulnerzrl' 5 designates the body of the nut-chine comprising upper and lower planes 6 and 7 which are arranged parallel and suitably brecctl and stayed by a light framework of any suitable construction and a1- rnngcment and embodying H, lower support l lilibllLllllg from the body in forward and reel .crtl directions are In aces or stays 9 .10 ot suitable light material for maintaining the lorwartl and. rear steering rudders'or erctive p tron and for the application. of the steering cords, wires or strands, pulleys and other uppurtenunces that may be necessury.

Only enough of the body and the structure has been shown to practically cleln above the latter a suitable motor 13 is sup- :iortetl by a frame lat oi any suitable form and construction, and projecting forwardly from the bodyis a propeller shuft l5 oper: etivcly associated, with or connected to the motor 18 and. carrying any preferred form of propeller 16. The .rnotor 13 will, of course, be equipped with means; for starting operator or aviator, uncl the propellerencl its she-ft will. be sodisposccl us to have. an. mirctartled operation in atlvance of the body of the machine or be fully clear of any part being taken to arrange the latter in such manner to render it impossible for the some to-contact wlth or engage the propeller f art Z controlling planes 11 and 12 in proper opln central relation to the plane 7 and.

and stopping the some rt-the will of theol the teerinfi mechanism or devices, care (inst-rate the operation of the features ofblacles. At the rear .ofthe lower planes 7 V y within the-,frfame' 14-01 btherwise disposed in central relation Withrespect to the lower i of the body 5'is aseat 1-7 for occupancy" "the operator or; ayifi fiorjand in advance this scatiindependently operable leyer'js 1e cut away at their rear extremities to have a ments in a horizontal plane bythe resistance 'the steering rudder or controlling plane 12 'inafter specified.

designated under the term of a steering and 19 are supported on the plane 7 and preferably engage toothed segments 20, the said levers respectively connected to the steering rudder or controlling plane 1.1. and

in a manner-which will be'more fully here- The stays 9 are connected to or support a -transversely extending steering rod or shaft 21 to which the steering rudder or controlling plane 11 is fixed, the said steering rod or shaft 21 passing transversely through the rudder or plane 11 or in a simplified form connected to the opposite side edges of horizontal planes 22 forming part of the rudder or plane ll and thereby constructed in two sections, each section of the steering rod or shaft projecting out equally from the said horizontal planes 22.' It is proposed to make the rod or shaft 21 either in one piece or in'two parts, the one construction being the obvious equivalent of the other, and Whether the rod or .shaft 21 be constructed from a single rod or member. or composed of two parts it will be hereinafter rod or shaft, and to the outer extremities thereof tillers are centrally fixed, the said tillers being indicated by the numeral 23, one tiller being secured to each rod or shaft extremity and having eyes 24 at opposite extremities. In addition to the horizontal planes 22 ofthe forward steering rudder or controlling plane 11 the latter includes a vertical plane 25 of elongated diamond OI kite shape, the planes 22 intersecting and being fixed to the plane 25 along the longi- I tudinal axis of the latter plane. The fol" ward extremities of the planes 22 and 25 have a converging contour so as to effectively cleave the air and the rear extreinity of the plane 25 is between the rear extremities of the planes 22, the latter being fish tail arrangement in relation to the rear extremity of the said plane 25. The entire plane 11 constituting the forward steering rudder is freely movable through theactuation of the steering rod or shaft 21 so as to de ress the noseor head of the rudder below a orizontal plane or elevate the said nose or head abovea horizontal .plane in accordance with the movement imparted to the steering rod or shaft 21. This front steer ing rudder or controlling plane steers only in the vertical plane. The vertical plane 25 serves to prevent the machine fromv having a too rapid movement eith r to the right or eft during turning operations and which re effected by the rear'steering rudder or controlling plane 12. In other words, the machine is steadied in its turning move-- set up by the vertical plane '25.

The rear steering rudder or controlling.

plane 12 has the central portion of its forward extremity connected to one of the stays or braces 10, as shown by Fig. 1, by a universal ball and socket joint 26 so that it will be sensitive for free vertical movement above and below a horizontal plane and also laterally in opposite directions. This rear rudder or controlling plane is composed of two planes 27 and 28 intersecting each other and disposed at right angles, the plane 27 being arranged vertically and the plane 28 horizontally, both planes being recessed at their rear extremities as at 29 to provide a fish-tail of arrow terminal like construction. The front extremities of the two planes converge toward the universal joint connection '26, and both steering rudders or controlling planes 11 and 12 are shaped generally and the planes so disposed as to effect a sure and positive action. in the steering functions as performed by the said rudders or controlling planes. The rear steering rudder or controlling plane 12 is not only adapted to conjointly operate with the rudder or controlling plane 11 in the manner herein before explained, but also has an operation independent of the said plane 11 or is shiftable laterally to the right and left for correspondingly turning the machine to change I its course in a horizontal plane, for instance,

after the manner of ordinary steering rudders, and this operation is accomplished through the medium of a tiller line 30 having its terminals secured to the outer forward portions of the horizontal plane 28 and then assedover guiding and friction reducing t evices which may be of any suitable construction but shown are in the form of sheaves or pulleys 31 suitably supported by the body 5 or the lower plane 7 of the latter and the stays or braces 10, the said guiding and friction reducing devices being disposed of at proper angles and in spaced relation to practically separate a looped portion 32 of the steering line in re- .lationto the lower plane 7 over which it extends to give proper clearance and avoid interference with other devices extending over the said plane 7 and which will be here- 'inafter specified. A portion of the loop 32 of the steering or tiller line 30 is attached to v the lever 19, such degree of tautness being maintained in the said tiller line. that an adjustment of the latter in opposite directions by the actuation of the lever 19 will result in a uniform movement of all tions of the said tiller line sothat a pulling strain exerted on one part will result in a corresponding give in the remaining portion without the least slackness or lost motlon.

The forward and. rear steering rudders or controlling planes are connected for con joint or simultaneous operation to uniformly and similarly elevate the said rudders or cu Mm (111W mm'mctim i the 4:1 Ewing; and '3 having its :fricticm hick m:

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r plums; 11 and snnultmineously mat Lmmmaa 3 ul'mwn 01:" below a horizmntafl. plane in. 1th Hm direction 0 nmvemenb and 19 am IOCMTBfl Within mud mbmin tl'mbeastw results In or flymg of the macl'nnefi Wire 013a non-rvqihent that HTIEIG will law no liability m." varimiion in the tantrums-1 m" tiller li'n 'IHNQ 111 p 311i m: meesmrv 1mm Hm entire of sub uh mter s0 m? Mr- 01 H1: Sbewi be i; b 1mm .llllllllil'lg WWW: the, body for the

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The fmimt i ummming" 13h m nrmd MMIWM 01f 11", but are n n d of "HM :tmme of tha seat 17 and all U521 lilw hug the lrmtm" 13; WIU he b I: m i 5 m Imam, 1111 a prac-- all be pnafembly made and mm" i and below a horizontal plane.

' upper and lower planes, propelling means.

latter in' opposite lateral directions independently of its adjustment at angles above 2. An air ship having suitable body planes, front and rear controlling planes independent of the body planes held at a distance inadvance'and in rear of the said body planes and having operating means connected there to for simultaneously adjusting both of the said controlling planes at reverse angles above or downwardly below a horizontal plane, the front controlling plane being positively held againstlateral adjustment in opposite directions, means connected to the rear controlling plane for independently adjusting the latter in opposite lateral directions,'and a propeller interposed between the body planes and the front controlling plane and in advance of the body plane. a

3. -An air ship having transversely eggtending body planes, front and rear steering means spaced from the body planes, con tinuous pull devices connected to the front and rear steering means for simultaneously actuating the latter andadjusting them at reverse angles above and below a horizontal plane, the front and rear planes when ad justed either above or below a horizontal plane always standing at outward angles of inclination or in divergc-ant directions relatively to each other, the front steering means being capable solely of an adjustment at reverse angles above and below a horizontal plane and the rear steering means movable laterally in opposite directions independent of its adjustment at reverse angles above and below a horizontal plane, means for laterally shifting the said rear steering means, anda propeller interposed between the front steering means and'the body planes and in advance of the latter.

4. An air ship having a body comprising disposed in advance of the body, front and rear steering me ans spaced from the said body lanes and connected to each otherand opera le for simultaneously adjustin the same at reverse angles above and be ow ahorizontal plane, the" repelling means being Ward angles of inclination or in directions relatively to each other, the front steering means being capable only of adjustinent at reverse-angles aboveand below a horizontal plane, and means for adjusting the rear steering plane laterally-in opposite directions independently of the adjustment of said rear steering means atrever'se angles above andibelow a horizontal plane. V

5; An air ship havingsuitable body planes,

front and rear controlling planes 5 aced from the said body planes: and s imu taneously operable for movement vertically at an angle above and below a horizontal plane at reverse angles to each other, each con-'- trolling plane having members "intersects..-

ing each other in planes at right angles and the front controllin plane having a vertical blade tapering roin a point adjacent its front end rearwardly to its rear end, and operating means connected adjusting both of said planes in divergent directions relatively to each other either above or below a horizontal plane.

6. An air ship having suitable body planes, a front controlling plane independent of the body planes and comprising blades interseating each-"other in planes at right angles, the vertical blade being tapered from a'pomt adjacent to the front end thereotrearwardly to the rear end of the same, a fulcrum supporting means engaging the intermediate portion of the sand g) transverse center 0 the latter, and means for adjusting the said controlling plane:

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence oftwo subscribing wit nesses.

HUG'IrnwILLoUGnBY. I Witnesses:

Cuts. S. HYER, ROBERT EVERETT.

ane in advance of the 

